The term "without prejudice". The Dubai Court Practice.

 

....where the employee held or expressed a political opinion

 

China has enacted a significant revision to its Anti-Unfair Competition Law (AUCL), effective October 15, 2025

 

EUROPOL Press Releases - Monthly update (01-07-2025)

 

Последние новости Юридического института "М-Логос"

 

Instead of attacking 100 computers at one company the target is now one computer at 100 different companies

 

French Court Upholds Irish Jurisdiction Clause, Reinforcing EU Law Supremacy

 

Республика Беларусь: ключевые нормативные изменения, вступающие в силу в июле/Republic of Belarus: Key Regulatory Changes Coming into Force in July

 

Florida Senate Bill 606: Streamlining Guest Removal with Clear Occupancy Definitions

 

Failure to depart is a second-degree misdemeanor

The Fuel of Controversy: Diamond Alternative Energy v. EPA and the Evolving Landscape of Standing

 

Despite arguments that their project fell under a more specific oil and gas ordinance....

The "One House Rule": Understanding Your Township's Zoning and the Principal Structure Concept

 

Navigating the Seas of Financial Integrity: Understanding EU Regulation 2018/1672

ARTICLE 7.1.6 Fictional Story

Dangerous Excavation Work

 

Договорная практика, мысли вслух. Договор по испытанию (определению эксплуатационных параметров) аппаратов рентгеновских диагностических

 

Россия. Дайджест новостей процессуального права за апрель - май 2025 г. + бесплатная лекция

 

The moment of the transition of property rights to things at the auction in France

 

VAT Exemption for Cross-Border Small Consignments

 

A Сourt Has Prohibited a Former Employee From...

 

Admissibility under Daubert

 

Expenses for efficiency measures are considered incurred "to acquire and retain income" and are therefore deductible

 

Tokenization: Unlocking Illiquid Assets and Revolutionizing Market Efficiency

 

The appointment comes in response to a staggering 420% increase in the number of insolvency cases involving cryptocurrency

 

The tax authority takes into account which assets remained to fulfill the obligation in the event of reorganization/Налоговый орган учитывает, какие активы оставались для исполнения обязательства в случае реорганизации

 

NEPA Cases Require Substantial Judicial Deference

 

The Supreme Court drew attention to calculations confirming the absence of tax benefits/Верховный суд обратил внимание на расчеты, подтверждающие отсутствие налоговой выгоды

 

The tax authority concluded that the LLC distorted the essence of business operations in its reporting and ordered the LLC, as a tax agent, to pay income tax on individuals. The essence of the case was that the LLC entered into agreements with individual entrepreneurs, who then provided tutoring services to the LLC's clients.

Annulment Clauses

 

The parties signed a contract for the sale of real estate. The contract stipulated a due diligence procedure before closing. The contract also included a provision for automatic termination if encumbrances were detected that the seller could not remove.

Understanding Certificates of Pending Litigation in Ontario

 

A Certificate of Pending Litigation (CPL), formerly known as a "lis pendens," is a crucial tool in Ontario's legal landscape. It acts as a public notice that a lawsuit concerning title to, or an interest in, a specific piece of real property is currently underway. This article will delve into the intricacies of CPLs in Ontario, exploring their purpose, application, implications, and the process involved in obtaining and removing them.

Considerations for ChatGPT Users

 

A Crypto Is Not A Property Of A Crypto Exchange

 

Breaking Off Negotiations In Bad Faith

When Vetting Expert Witnesses...

 

...Following Ancient Instincts

 

The incident involving exploding acetylene and oxygen gas cylinders

 

The Court of Appeal has upheld a decision to impose half of a million Australian dollars  in penalties on a Company for a 2017 incident involving exploding acetylene and oxygen gas cylinders. The explosion happened when these cylinders were loaded into a fully enclosed toolbox in a customer's ute, which went against safety instructions, leading to injuries and property damage. The Company lost its defense in the lower court, where it was found that the company failed to ensure safe work practices. 

«MYNARIC»

 

The court allowed one party to a contract to unilaterally extinguish his contractual obligation

The sole member of an LLC asked his friend to invest in the LLC by acquiring a share in it. The friend replied that it would later be difficult to sell the share at a favorable price. Then, the friends entered into an oral agreement that stipulated the repurchase of the share at a price to be calculated according to certain financial indicators. Five years later, the friend asked to have his share in the LLC repurchased, but was refused. Subsequently, the court established that the LLC's management agreement had been duly amended unilaterally to include a clause stating that all prior oral agreements were void. The court denied the claim, acknowledging that it allowed one party to a contract to unilaterally extinguish his contractual obligation.

The inherent difficulty in liquidating shares of LLC

 

The inherent difficulty in liquidating shares of a limited liability company (LLC) stems from several factors:

The court allowed limited production from a company

 

Delaware’s Chancery Court allowed limited production from a company in response to a broad request for document inspection, despite serious claims of fraud against the CEO. The petitioner was a former senior vice president and director. He claimed to have discovered fraud related to invoicing while working with the company and was terminated after voicing his concerns. The court accepted the company’s offer to provide  all formal Board level materials concerning audit function and financial oversight of the Company and practices related to customer invoices and its current written policy and procedure documents related to finance, accounting, and customer invoice functions.

When Off-the-Clock Conduct Costs Your Job: Pawelczyk v Commonwealth Bank of Australia

 

The lines between work and personal life are increasingly blurred in the age of smartphones and constant connectivity. But does what you do outside of office hours ever impact your job security? The recent case of Pawelczyk v Commonwealth Bank of Australia (2024), decided by the Fair Work Commission (FWC), serves as a stark reminder that out-of-hours conduct can indeed lead to dismissal if it has a sufficient connection to one's employment.

The fraud perpetrated by the senior management is beyond the scope of the audit responsibilities

Ernst & Young (EY) is facing a $2.6 billion negligence claim brought forth by the administrators of NMC Health, a private healthcare group that collapsed following a massive accounting scandal. In its defense, EY argues that the scale and sophistication of the fraud perpetrated by NMC's senior management went beyond the scope of its audit responsibilities, likening the situation to a meticulously constructed "Truman Show."

Kirkland & Ellis Navigates Affimed Through German Insolvency: A Case Study in Biotech Finance

 

The tumultuous waters of biotech finance have claimed another victim as Dutch immunotherapy developer Affimed, formerly listed on the Nasdaq, has initiated insolvency proceedings in Germany. The news underscores the inherent risks within the biotech sector, where promising research can quickly unravel due to funding shortfalls. Navigating this complex legal landscape is leading global law firm Kirkland & Ellis, advising Affimed on the German aspects of the insolvency.

Luxembourg-Owned Fibre Telecoms SPV Seeks Cayman Islands Winding Up: A Sign of Trouble in Emerging Markets?

A Luxembourg-owned special purpose vehicle (SPV), established to funnel investment into fibre optic telecommunications projects in Cambodia and Myanmar, has filed for winding up in the Cayman Islands. The move, reported in recent financial news, highlights the challenges facing investors in emerging markets and raises questions about the viability of ambitious infrastructure projects in the region.

Brazilian Cryptocurrency Fund's Chapter 15 Filing Fuels Ponzi Scheme Investigation in the US

 

A Brazilian insolvency administrator overseeing the collapse of a cryptocurrency investment fund, suspected of operating as a Ponzi scheme, has filed for Chapter 15 bankruptcy protection in Washington, DC. The move underscores the growing complexities of international cryptocurrency fraud and highlights the vital role of cross-border cooperation in recovering assets for defrauded investors.

Navigating the Texas Theft Liability Act: Recovering Damages for Stolen Property

The Texas Theft Liability Act (TTLA), found in Chapter 134 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, offers a unique avenue for Texans to recover damages when their property is stolen. Unlike criminal prosecution, which focuses on punishing the thief, the TTLA provides a civil remedy, allowing victims to pursue financial compensation for their losses.

A salary ranges in all job postings

The Cleveland City Council passed Ordinance No. 104-2025 on April 28, 2025, requiring employers with 15 or more employees located in the City of Cleveland to include salary ranges in all job postings. Additionally, the Ordinance prohibits employers from inquiring about a job applicant’s salary history. Employers who violate the law face civil penalties ranging from $1,000 for a first offense to $5,000 for a third violation within a five-year span. The proponents of Ordinance emphasize several key benefits: Promoting Pay Equity; Empowering Job Seekers; Attracting and Retaining Talent; Boosting Economic Growth.

Inconsistent behaviour/Несовместимое поведение

 

The Trading With the Enemy Act (History, romance, judicial practice)

A U.S. citizen, Mrs. Zander, traveled to Germany in 1939 and married a German citizen during World War II. Despite her marriage and prolonged stay in Germany, Mrs. Zander maintained her allegiance to the United States, avoided aiding the German war effort, and eventually fled to the American Army. After the war, she returned to the U.S. and sought recovery of her seized assets under the Trading With the Enemy Act. The court addressed whether Mrs. Zander was an "enemy" under the Act due to her residence in Germany during the war. Ultimately, it ruled that she was not a resident of Germany in the legal sense, given her consistent loyalty to the U.S. and her intent to return. The court held that she was entitled to recover her assets.

The court ultimately ordered the merger to be completed.

Companies A and B entered into an agreement under which Company A would merge with Company B. The primary investor in Company B opposed the deal but lacked voting rights in the collegial body responsible for approving the merger. After the agreement was signed, the investor took measures to replace all members of the collegial body. Subsequently, Company B delayed the completion of the merger. The court ultimately ordered the merger to be completed. The Court found that reasonable best efforts provisions require each party to “take all reasonable steps to solve problems and consummate the transaction” and to take “appropriate actions to keep the deal on track,” including forthright discussions between the parties.

Good faith and fair dealing/Добросовестность и честная деловая практика

Definition of hardship/Определение затруднений

 

A significant risk of fighting on two fronts

 The court’s decision underscores a significant risk of fighting on two fronts: adopting inconsistent positions. The Contractor successfully leveraged the Owner’s testimony from a separate lawsuit against another company. In that testimony, the Owner attributed all project delays to the company’s continuous design changes. The court determined that this testimony demonstrated material issues regarding design completion that led to substantial project delays. During the dispute between the Contractor and the Owner, the Contractor asserted that the Owner’s ongoing design changes caused it to miss the substantial completion deadline, while the Owner blamed the Contractor's subcontractors. Ultimately, the Owner withheld significant payments, prompting the Contractor to exercise its right to suspend work, leading to the Owner terminating the contract for default. The court awarded $5 million in damages in favor of the Contractor.

This could result in treble damages and penalties for each “false” entry

 

The U.S. Department of Justice has filed a complaint against a Company and its network of suppliers, alleging violations of the False Claims Act. Specifically, the DOJ claims that the Company engaged in a long-standing scheme to undervalue imports from China by submitting a false set of invoices to the government. A third-party auditor also informed the Company that it needed to reassess its duty calculations and pricing arrangements. By undervaluing imports, a company can pay less in customs duties but may face lawsuits under the FCA for making false statements to evade paying the government. This could result in treble damages and penalties for each “false” entry. Neither “everyone does it” nor “we are being unfairly singled out” constitutes a valid legal defense.

Начало течения срока апелляционного обжалования решения суда

 

Поскольку закон связывает начало течения срока апелляционного обжалования решения суда с моментом составления его в мотивированной форме, при разрешении вопроса о соблюдении стороной срока подачи апелляционной жалобы суду надлежит установить, когда мотивированное решение было фактически изготовлено и подписано, а не момент, когда оно должно быть изготовлено и подписано в соответствии с законом. Имеющееся в деле сопроводительное письмо без указания даты в отсутствие почтового реестра или иных доказательств не свидетельствует о своевременном исполнении судом обязанности по направлению копии решения суда.

"You are not bound by the express terms of the contract..."

 

The lease agreement provided the following term: the rent amount shall be determined in the sole and absolute discretion of the Lessor. The trial court gave the jury the following instruction: "You are not bound by the express terms of the contract but are free to go beyond the literal wordage of the written document." The trial court also instructed the jury that the jury was to decide the rental value. However,  the Nevada Supreme Court found that the trial court erred in failing to find that the Lessor had sole and absolute discretion to set the rental rate. In this regard, the court stated the following: "All contracts impose upon the parties an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, but the implied covenant may not be used to supply additional terms to the lease…”

Legal Practice by Rap. She allegedly downloaded thousands of documents containing confidential information and trade secrets

 

The court ordered a former executive to face claims related to her alleged theft of trade secrets. She allegedly downloaded thousands of documents containing confidential information and trade secrets. The company’s motion for a temporary restraining order was denied, as the court found that the company had “not introduced evidence that the former executive accessed the company’s documents for any purpose other than to do her job at the time, and the case law is very clear that this does not constitute misappropriation.” However, the court denied her motion to dismiss the complaint, finding that the company sufficiently identified 12 specific examples of trade secrets that were purportedly misappropriated, which were enough to state a claim for misappropriation. The court also found that discovery was the best avenue to resolve the former executive's argument that the company suffered no damages.

Legal Practice by Rap. There was a $1.6 billion award for a developer of a construction project

 

A New York appeals court has affirmed a $1.6 billion award for a developer of a construction project against various subsidiaries of a state corporation from China. The dispute involves the construction of the Baha Mar beach resort complex in Nassau. After a series of delays that prevented the resort from opening as planned in March 2015, the developer filed for bankruptcy and sued various state-owned entities, including the minority investor, prime contractor, construction manager, and others for breach of contract, fraud, and alter ego theories. The lower court pierced the defendants’ corporate veils and awarded the developer $845 million for the loss of its entire investment, plus prejudgment interest of $830 million. The court held that the prime contractor entity exercised complete domination over the other defendants in order to breach the investor agreement, defraud the plaintiff, and cause the collapse of the project. 

Legal Practice by Rap. The type of “divisional merger” allows the new subsidiary to resolve the separated liabilities through a bankruptcy filing

 

Thousands of users of a company’s products started filing lawsuits against the company regarding product quality. To address the litigation liability, the company undertook a “Texas two-step” transaction, in which a parent company uses a Texas “divisional merger” statute to create a new subsidiary to hold a portion of the corporate family’s tort liabilities. This type of “divisional merger” allows the new subsidiary to resolve the separated liabilities through a bankruptcy filing while the rest of the corporate family remains outside of bankruptcy. The company filed two previous “Texas two-step” bankruptcy cases in an effort to resolve these liabilities.  Both prior cases were dismissed as bad-faith filings.

SOURCE

Legal Practice by Cyber Punk. A new concept of ‘institutional psychological harassment’.

 

The French Court of Cassation has introduced and defined a new concept of ‘institutional psychological harassment’. The case relates to the suicides of workers linked to a company restructuring policy.  Following a series of suicides, a trade union condemned the company’s reorganisation policy which, in its view, amounted to psychological harassment. Following this complaint, the company and several of its senior executives were prosecuted for harassment. This means that directors, senior managers, and employees can now be personally liable for decisions that result in harassment, even when the facts do not arise from their individual relationships with employees, but rather result from a company policy that they have designed and implemented.

Legal Practice by jazz. Clarity on the fiduciary duties between business partners

 

The Texas Supreme Court has provided clarity on the fiduciary duties between business partners, particularly in the context of limited partnerships. The Court’s opinion addressed the complex issue of whether a limited partner can assume fiduciary duties to other limited partners by acting as a general partner. The Court explained that limited partners generally do not owe each other fiduciary duties. The court emphasized that any fiduciary duty a limited partner could owe to another limited partner would have to be based on actions outside the realm of the limited partner’s position.

Legal Practice by Witch house spells or Experimental Metal. Снос объектов самовольного строительства, возведенных в рекреационной зоне

 

Из материалов дела следует, что в данном случае, возведенные здания на земельном участке, расположенном в рекреационной зоне, не соответствуют виду разрешенного использования. При этом,  застройщик должен принимать  необходимые меры  к соблюдению требований земельного законодательства,  в том числе, получению информации,  содержащейся  в документах градостроительного планирования,  и  информации о наличии нормативных ограничений градостроительной деятельности. Поскольку участок полностью расположен в рекреационной зоне, оснований для размещения на нем  спорных объектов, учитывая их вид,  не имеется.  При соблюдении баланса частных и публичных интересов в вопросе сноса самовольной постройки, необходимо учитывать, что сохранение рекреационных зон направлено на обеспечение публичных интересов, которые имеют приоритет над  частным интересам конкретного лица, осуществившего самовольное строительство. 

Legal Practice by HipHop. Если страховщик не организовал и не оплатил ремонт авто.

 

Неисполнение страховщиком своих обязательств влечет возникновение у потерпевшего убытков  в размере стоимости того ремонта, который страховщик обязан был организовать и оплатить. Такие убытки подлежат возмещению по общим правилам возмещения убытков на основании соответствующих статей  Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации, ввиду отсутствия специальной нормы в Законе об ОСАГО. В противном случае эти убытки, не были бы возмещены, а потерпевший был бы поставлен в неравное положение с потерпевшими, в отношении, которых обязательство страховщиком исполнено надлежащим образом. Не могут быть переложены эти убытки и на причинителя вреда, который возмещает ущерб потерпевшему при недостаточности страхового возмещения, поскольку данные убытки возникли не по вине причинителя  вреда, а вследствие неисполнения обязательств страховщиком. Определение ВС РФ от 18.02.2025 № 41-КГ24-58-К4. 

Legal Practice by Experimental Metal. The company pleaded guilty to failing to ensure that the machinery switched off before workers could enter the danger area of the machinery

 A Victorian paper manufacturer was fined for failing to implement a safe system to prevent an obvious risk of entanglement with moving parts of a machine. The machine often experienced jams, which the worker cleared by hand. The workers were trained to clear jams while the machines were still rotating at full speed. As a result, there was a high risk of serious injury. As a result, in attempting to resolve the jam, the worker suffered significant injury. The company pleaded guilty to failing to ensure that the machinery switched off before workers could enter the danger area of the machinery.

Legal Practice by Rap. The primary coverage for a rental vehicle.

 

New York’s state appellate court has declared rental car companies are not required to provide primary insurance coverage to customers. Under the court’s ruling, parties to the rental agreement can determine which of them will provide primary coverage for a rental vehicle.  If the renter is responsible for providing the coverage but fails to do so, the decision seems to open the door for the rental company to pursue indemnity against the customer.

Legal Practice by Rap. Significant Changes to Delaware General Corporation Law

 

Delaware’s legislature and Governor acted with dispatch to pass a law with a number of changes the most notable changes are intended to reduce litigation targeting directors, officers, and controlling stockholders. The most notable changes are: raising the bar for deeming a stockholder to be a “controlling stockholder; easing the standard for shielding controlling stockholder transactions; narrowing the ability to make Books-and-records demands.  One of the major criticisms of existing case law is the scope creep in the definition of who is a controlling stockholder. The new law effectively introduces a floor of one-third ownership in order to be deemed to be a controlling stockholder.

Legal Practice by Rap. The statement was "misleading but not false”

 

Legal Practice by Rap. A reasonable accommodation to a qualified, disabled employee.

 

Legal Practice by Rap. The refusal of union representatives to enter. A letter of intent constitutes a Claim under an insurance policy.

 

Some INCOTERMS matters by Rap

 Some INCOTERMS matters by Rap. D and C terms. DPU and DAP

Legal News by Rap: False information regarding the country of origin of the goods. Only argument was that the client list was a trade secret. The insured failed to identify a separate covered peril. Specific performance as a perfectly ordinary remedy

 

Legal News by Rap: Trade secrets. Arbitration clauses. A Conspiracy Claim. Piercing The Corporate Veil. Permanent Injunction. Business Owner's Guide.

Legal News by Rap: Trade secrets. Arbitration clauses. A Conspiracy Claim. Piercing The Corporate Veil. Permanent Injunction. Business Owner's Guide. 

Социально оптимальное разрешение проблемы негативных экстерналей

 

«Как подчеркивал Р. Коуз в статье «Проблемы социальных издержек», социально оптимальное разрешение проблемы негативных экстерналей часто предполагает адекватное поведение, как жертвы, так и виновника, подобно тому как увеличение масштабов позитивных экстреналий требует соответствующих действий как со стороны их производителя, так и со стороны получателя (бенефициара).

Дискретность радиочастотного спектра как вещи

 

«Дискретность радиочастотного спектра как вещи de jure по А.С.Васильеву, «выражается в его пространственных и технических границах, а также учетной определенности. Технические границы обусловлены уровнем техники и определяют диапазон,  в котором осуществляется частотное присвоение…

Реституция прав собственности, примеры

 

«Среди тех, которые понесли ущерб национализации… возникло определенное общественное течение, которое считает нужным эти противоправные, несправедливые меры пересмотреть и провести реституцию противоправно нарушенных прав собственности». 

Внешние санитарные и фитосанитарные требования - как средство ограничения доступа на национальный рынок

 

«Внешние санитарные и фитосанитарные требования, как правило, одинаковы к национальным и иностранным товарам. На практике же применение этих норм превращает их в средство ограничения доступа на национальный рынок.

Срок дачи согласия на совершение сделки с имуществом унитарного предприятия

 «При этом все-таки в большинстве случаев, скорее всего, исходить необходимо из того, что интересующий нас срок, по общему правилу, не должен исчисляться годами, и даже месяцами, а возможно, и неделями.